Patriarch Anthimus VII of Constantinople (1827–1913) characterized the dogma of the Immaculate Conception as a " Roman novelty". It is not accepted by Eastern Orthodoxy due to differences in the understanding of original sin, although they do affirm Mary's purity and preservation from sin. Opinions on the Immaculate Conception in Oriental Orthodoxy are divided: Shenouda III, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church, opposed the teaching, as did Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I of the Syriac Orthodox Church the Eritrean and Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo accept it. Many Protestant churches rejected the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception as unscriptural, though some Anglicans accept it as a pious devotion. The feast day of the Immaculate Conception is December 8. The iconography of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception shows Mary standing, with arms outstretched or hands clasped in prayer. The Immaculate Conception became a popular subject in literature, but its abstract nature meant it was late in appearing as a subject in works of art. While the Immaculate Conception asserts Mary's freedom from original sin, the Council of Trent, held between 15, had previously affirmed her freedom from personal sin. Debated by medieval theologians, it was not defined as a dogma until 1854, by Pope Pius IX in the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus. It is one of the four Marian dogmas of the Catholic Church. The Immaculate Conception is the belief that the Virgin Mary was free of original sin from the moment of her conception.
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